Education is a key tool for development and progress of human society. With the rapid progress of our society, technologies and social systems have developed as well. Education, as the most important part of human development, should live up to the requirements of present development. To this end, the requirements of present development need to be first stated briefly. After a science and technology boost in the 20th century, increasing industrial activities resulted in serious environmental problems. To combat these problems, sustainable development was introduced, which is the requirement of present development. It should be noted that the concept of sustainable development is evolving incessantly. Today, not only the environment but also other issues such as poverty and equality are included in the concept of sustainable development [1]. Therefore, for equipping people with skills and thinking of sustainable development, the new and adjusted education for sustainable development, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was proposed by UN and gain a lot of importance. United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) and Global Action Program on Education for Sustainable Development were carried out to accelerate the progress of ESD. In these two actions, the content of ESD was enriched with many detailed goals and feasible approaches. Under the guidance of the two actions, driven by intrinsic need of sustainability, many countries have developed their own framework of education for sustainable development. Different technologies and advanced concepts of education are applied to impart the knowledge of sustainable development to students and strengthen their skills, critical thinking and systemic thinking regarding sustainable development. With the work done by governments and UN, great progress has been made of ESD [2,3 4].
As narrated above, great work has been done with ESD, including complement of the content of education, specific goals and applying new technologies. However, one element dose not get enough attention and that is the motivation of people who receive the education for sustainable development. With motivation, people would set their goals and pursue their goals with strong impetus. From a perspective of educational psychology, generating learning motivation is indispensable and it has high priority in practical education [5]. With high internal motivation of educatees, remarkable outcomes of education could be attained. The creativity and cognitive flexibility of educatees would be greatly improved [6] and these two traits are exactly required by ESD.
Integrating documentary into ESD as a potential creative approach to make up for the deficiency mentioned above is proposed in this essay. One example of documentary and some other advantages of documentary for ESD are discussed. Extending from the documentary that includes engineers and scientists, the role of them and industry in documentary and ESD is also discussed.
Documentaries as a form of video could contain text, graphics, animation and sound, all of which are the elements of multimedia. Multimedia teaching has been proved to be a very effective way of teaching. It helps stimulate students' interest and make students more active in class [7]. Therefore, documentary as one method of multimedia teaching is also able to have the same advantages mentioned before. But further properties should be discussed. Documentaries are not the videos that are usually seen on the class using animation to expound complex theories, but it is also a form of art and commercial products to tell the truth. As commercial products, it has very large audience. Everyone can see it in the cinemas, which means everyone can be the educatees. Documentary tells audience what happens in the real world in an artistic way. Most documentaries would not try to exaggerate the facts to attract people. Instead, different art technics are used to help give more powerful expressions combining with esthetic shots and matched background music, documentary is able to impress audience profoundly. In this way, people are more likely to recognize the facts and reflect more after the documentary [8].
Because of the diversity of documentary, many issues can be displayed and discussed in documentaries. All types of issues relevant to sustainable development are covered in documentaries that have been produced. For example, these three very recent documentaries, “Ruth Bader Ginsburg”, “Chasing Coral” and “Of Fathers and Sons” respectively correspond to equality, environment and education. They provide unique and profound perspectives that audience would not expect, but they are all based on facts and do reveal the issues of sustainability that should get more public attention. More discussion of “Chasing Coral” as an example would be conducted to show some good characteristics which enable this documentary fit into ESD.
Chasing Coral as a documentary records the rapidly bleaching and dying coral due to the rising temperature of ocean, see figure 1. This figure shows rising temperature clearly. When it comes to global warming, much attention is paid to the melting glaciers and rising sea levels. It is a rare and potent angle of looking into global warming. Coral form colorful sea worlds. As the famous Great Barrier Reef , It is very beautiful. However, few people know that it is being killed by global warming. Disappearance of such beautiful thing and novel perspective are able to strongly impress people.
Figure 1. Sea surface temperature anomaly
Global warming is still having an impact where we cannot see it and this is coral. In the documentary, scientists and engineers from various disciplines were invited to give analysis and prediction of coral spreading all over the world according to ocean currents and ocean water temperature warming. Some prediction is given by text, see figure 2. In this way, the predicted results could be impressing.
Figure 2. Prediction from scientists and engineers
Coral is very sensitive to the temperature rising, which would result in a great threaten on the living of coral. The famous Great Barrier Reef will probably have more extensive coral bleaching over the next few years and then die. Currently, 29% of the Coral Great Barrier Reef has died. What is more, coral is a fundamental part of a huge ecosystem and it is, in a way, just like the trees in a forest. Therefore, with coral disappearing, all other animals are also disappearing little by little in our marine ecosystems. Many contrasts are given in this documentary leaving very deep impression to audience.
Figure 3. Contrast of living and dead coral
Figure 4. Contrast of living and dead coral
In summary, in this documentary, starting from a rare perspective of dying coral, combing with scientific research process, showing scientific and rigorous graphics, texts and data, with beautiful sights into the coral, this documentary touches the audience and the audience feels encouraged to think about what they can do about this issues of the dying coral.
The role of scientists and engineers was emphasized in the documentary, see figure 5. They provide rigorous scientific evidence to support the facts and help explain the complex ecological processes in an acceptable way by the public. The participation of these people helps publics understand this documentary better.
Figure 5. Some scientists and engineers involved
Engineers also solve some technical problems, for example, setting a camera in the sea water to help shooting of this documentary.
Figure 6. A camera in the sea water
For this kind of documentary, the target group is not only students but all of society. As one type of commercial movie, it has been shown in the cinemas. Even in some undeveloped regions, open-air cinemas of low cost could be applied to play documentaries to realize this kind of public education. Combined with commercial activities, the film could be advertised widely to the public. Therefore, documentary could reach a large variety of people. Promoting sustainable development widely is exactly desired by ESD. Everyone could contribute to the sustainability of development, if they aware of the issues and motivated to be involved.
However, in a very long term, the youth are the people who can make a difference. They are motivated by the situation that should be changed and then build up their great ideals. They are receiving more advanced education for sustainable development. In the future, they are able to do some great work that makes great differences for sustainability. This is also emphasized in this documentary by the text as following.
Figure 7&8. Young generation is emphasized
Enlightened by this documentary and one example in the following discussion, some suggestions about how scientists, engineers and industry should be involved in ESD are proposed.
As mentioned in section 2.3, the scientists and engineers are involved in making this documentary. This is one example how they can promote ESD. Moreover, in this documentary, they brought their research results to the publics by speeches or other public activities. Especially after they retire from the academic or industrial positions, they have more time and could be involved in more educational public activities. The career of Dr. Jan Goodall is a very good example. After spending 38 years on researching on chimpanzees in the wildlife, she traveled around the world, calling on people to protect wild animals and the earth's environment [9].
Scientists and engineers are the people who work at the forefront of sustainable development. They understand clearly what terrible things are happening. Precious experience and knowledge are built up on their minds. They do have ability to make publics aware of the sustainable issues and encourage them to get involved in sustainable development.
Engineers from industry represent the industry. Industry should participate in some educational public activities as well, such as making this kind of documentary mentioned before. However, if some documentaries tell the false information because of interest, scientists and engineers should stand out to against them. Industry should input sustainable ideas into their products by producing sustainable products in a sustainable way and tell customers how their products are sustainable. With their product sold to publics, by advertising their sustainable producing processes, the sustainable ideas could be prompted.
Documentary can be integrated in ESD. Not only in the classroom teaching, but it also can be widely shown in cinemas. It can make people aware of this issue and give people internal motivation to get themselves involved in this global issue of sustainable development. The young generation should be the main targets of those educational documentaries and also ESD. Because they will be equipped by advanced education to make a difference in the future. Scientists, engineers and industry can participate in different public educational activities for sustainable development. Scientists and engineers can still make huge contributions after they retire by getting involved in more educational activities for sustainable development, if they are willing and energetic enough.
Reference
1. United Nations. “The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018.” (2018).
2. UNESCO. “Education for Sustainable Development Goals.” (2017).
3. Uspartnership.org., U.S. Partnership. URL: https://uspartnership.org/
4. Dieter Appelt., et al. “Global Development Education: A Cross-Curricular Framework in the Context of Education for Sustainable Development.” (2017).
5. Slavin, Robert E., and Nicola Davis. "Educational psychology: Theory and practice." (2006).
6. Deci, Edward L., et al. "Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective." Educational psychologist 26.3-4 (1991): 325-346.
7. Joshi, Ashvini. "Multimedia: A Technique in teaching process in the classrooms." Current world environment 7.1 (2012): 33-36.
8. Nichols, Bill. Introduction to documentary. Indiana University Press, 2017.
9. Peterson, Dale. Jane Goodall: The woman who redefined man. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014.
2019年的流行色
预测为“活珊瑚橘”
大意是来自天然珊瑚的色彩
活跃的，缤纷的，充满生命力的
“LivingCoral”
也意味着珊瑚这个物种的生命力
充满了色彩和生机
2019年的流行色发布
令人直接想起了这部
2017年的珊瑚纪录片
迄今为止n标记看过的人数
只有五千不到
电影是导演：杰夫·奥洛威斯基，继《逐冰之旅》后，再一次对全球气候变暖，进行的拷问。这次他用镜头记录的，不是融化的冰川大陆，而是因为水温的升高，迅速白化以及死亡的珊瑚群。n
那些你耳熟能详的大堡礁，可能在未来的几年里，将有着更大面积的珊瑚白化，之后死亡。在我们看不见的海洋生态圈里，珊瑚、鱼群一点点消失。
纪录片里邀请了各个学科的专家，根据洋流，海洋的水温变暖给出了分析和预判，全球变暖问题，依然在我们看不见的地方，持续产生着影响。
珊瑚作为一个看起来简单，其实构造复杂的生命体，非常的神奇。比如，它看起来像个植物，但是它其实是动物，属刺胞动物门。
比如，珊瑚、珊瑚虫、珊瑚礁都是珊瑚吗？其实珊瑚是由很多珊瑚虫组成，珊瑚虫是海洋中的一种腔肠动物。每一个单体的珊瑚虫只有米粒那样大小，它们一群一群地聚居在一起，以捕食海洋里细小的浮游生物为食，在生长过程中能吸收海水中的钙和二氧化碳，然后分泌出石灰石，一代代地新陈代谢，生长繁衍，同时不断分泌出石灰石，并粘合在一起，形成珊瑚的内在“骨骼”。
当珊瑚死后，就只剩下了光秃秃的珊瑚礁，也就是它的“骨骼”。
珊瑚虫本应该是跟浅海里的鱼群一样，五彩斑斓，甚至令密恐的人难以直视。
但是由于全球变暖，海水温度升高，活珊瑚开始大量白化。
试想一下，如果人类的体温，被强制升高2度，一直处于低烧状态的人，很难想象会受到怎样的影响。
珊瑚虫对于水温升高的应激反应，就是本能的白化自己，不再吸收营养，自杀式的将正常的细胞排出体外。
影片的摄制组成员，耗费了人力物力，记录了从2014年到2015年的珊瑚白化现象。
之后世界各地的潜水爱好者，也加入了跟踪报道的行列。
在电影中，还提到了从珊瑚中提取的物质，有可能治疗癌症。无论是药用方面还是从海洋环境的角度出发，珊瑚的作用都是无可替代的。
目前，几十种珊瑚的“种子”，已经被放到了挪威在北冰洋·斯瓦尔巴群岛的“种子银行”里。
这也是人类最后的“诺亚方舟”了，希望我们永远不会走到，需要用到这些种子的那一天。
就在2018年12月PANTONE Color发布的当天，《追逐珊瑚》影片的脸书也转发了这个话题，不过只有11个评论，92个分享。
如果更多的人知道珊瑚所面临的危机，以及在创造和讨论时尚话题的同时，也更多的了解环境问题，这才是“活珊瑚红”作为2019年流行色的意义。
它不仅仅只是一个供大家消费的颜色而已，同时是提醒我们，生活中的色彩，其实都来自于我们赖以生存的自然环境——也就鲜活的动植物本身。
虽然我们已经不能阻止全球变暖，但是我们需要意识到：这个问题依然在影响着我们的未来。如何尽量去减缓，并且减轻全球变暖的影响，是人们未来需要逐渐去解决的问题。
否则手机和相机再怎么更新换代，再高清的摄像头和航拍技术，都已经捕捉不到那些曾经美丽的地球了。能拍到的，就剩下了一片死寂的海底。
珊瑚群如果不在了，可能未来的孩子们只能从《海底总动员》了解海底的世界了。
2019年，当我们讨论流行、时尚和色彩，消费今年新一季的服装饰品时，你也可以给身边的他/她推荐这部《追逐珊瑚》纪录片！
想象一下，2019年会有多少因为新流行色而生产的服饰和包包！在新的一年里，减少过度消费和浪费。少买一些不可以降解和回收的商品，不要因为流行就冲动购买，是不是也应该在我们的生活目标里？希望更多“时尚博主”可以加入这个行列。
推荐纪录片
《逐冰之旅》
《追逐珊瑚》
2019年，小玄儿记
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Education is a key tool for development and progress of human society. With the rapid progress of our society, technologies and social systems have developed as well. Education, as the most important part of human development, should live up to the requirements of present development. To this end, the requirements of present development need to be first stated briefly. After a science and technology boost in the 20th century, increasing industrial activities resulted in serious environmental problems. To combat these problems, sustainable development was introduced, which is the requirement of present development. It should be noted that the concept of sustainable development is evolving incessantly. Today, not only the environment but also other issues such as poverty and equality are included in the concept of sustainable development [1]. Therefore, for equipping people with skills and thinking of sustainable development, the new and adjusted education for sustainable development, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) was proposed by UN and gain a lot of importance. United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) and Global Action Program on Education for Sustainable Development were carried out to accelerate the progress of ESD. In these two actions, the content of ESD was enriched with many detailed goals and feasible approaches. Under the guidance of the two actions, driven by intrinsic need of sustainability, many countries have developed their own framework of education for sustainable development. Different technologies and advanced concepts of education are applied to impart the knowledge of sustainable development to students and strengthen their skills, critical thinking and systemic thinking regarding sustainable development. With the work done by governments and UN, great progress has been made of ESD [2,3 4].
As narrated above, great work has been done with ESD, including complement of the content of education, specific goals and applying new technologies. However, one element dose not get enough attention and that is the motivation of people who receive the education for sustainable development. With motivation, people would set their goals and pursue their goals with strong impetus. From a perspective of educational psychology, generating learning motivation is indispensable and it has high priority in practical education [5]. With high internal motivation of educatees, remarkable outcomes of education could be attained. The creativity and cognitive flexibility of educatees would be greatly improved [6] and these two traits are exactly required by ESD.
Integrating documentary into ESD as a potential creative approach to make up for the deficiency mentioned above is proposed in this essay. One example of documentary and some other advantages of documentary for ESD are discussed. Extending from the documentary that includes engineers and scientists, the role of them and industry in documentary and ESD is also discussed.
Documentaries as a form of video could contain text, graphics, animation and sound, all of which are the elements of multimedia. Multimedia teaching has been proved to be a very effective way of teaching. It helps stimulate students' interest and make students more active in class [7]. Therefore, documentary as one method of multimedia teaching is also able to have the same advantages mentioned before. But further properties should be discussed. Documentaries are not the videos that are usually seen on the class using animation to expound complex theories, but it is also a form of art and commercial products to tell the truth. As commercial products, it has very large audience. Everyone can see it in the cinemas, which means everyone can be the educatees. Documentary tells audience what happens in the real world in an artistic way. Most documentaries would not try to exaggerate the facts to attract people. Instead, different art technics are used to help give more powerful expressions combining with esthetic shots and matched background music, documentary is able to impress audience profoundly. In this way, people are more likely to recognize the facts and reflect more after the documentary [8].
Because of the diversity of documentary, many issues can be displayed and discussed in documentaries. All types of issues relevant to sustainable development are covered in documentaries that have been produced. For example, these three very recent documentaries, “Ruth Bader Ginsburg”, “Chasing Coral” and “Of Fathers and Sons” respectively correspond to equality, environment and education. They provide unique and profound perspectives that audience would not expect, but they are all based on facts and do reveal the issues of sustainability that should get more public attention. More discussion of “Chasing Coral” as an example would be conducted to show some good characteristics which enable this documentary fit into ESD.
Chasing Coral as a documentary records the rapidly bleaching and dying coral due to the rising temperature of ocean, see figure 1. This figure shows rising temperature clearly. When it comes to global warming, much attention is paid to the melting glaciers and rising sea levels. It is a rare and potent angle of looking into global warming. Coral form colorful sea worlds. As the famous Great Barrier Reef , It is very beautiful. However, few people know that it is being killed by global warming. Disappearance of such beautiful thing and novel perspective are able to strongly impress people.
Global warming is still having an impact where we cannot see it and this is coral. In the documentary, scientists and engineers from various disciplines were invited to give analysis and prediction of coral spreading all over the world according to ocean currents and ocean water temperature warming. Some prediction is given by text, see figure 2. In this way, the predicted results could be impressing.
Coral is very sensitive to the temperature rising, which would result in a great threaten on the living of coral. The famous Great Barrier Reef will probably have more extensive coral bleaching over the next few years and then die. Currently, 29% of the Coral Great Barrier Reef has died. What is more, coral is a fundamental part of a huge ecosystem and it is, in a way, just like the trees in a forest. Therefore, with coral disappearing, all other animals are also disappearing little by little in our marine ecosystems. Many contrasts are given in this documentary leaving very deep impression to audience.
In summary, in this documentary, starting from a rare perspective of dying coral, combing with scientific research process, showing scientific and rigorous graphics, texts and data, with beautiful sights into the coral, this documentary touches the audience and the audience feels encouraged to think about what they can do about this issues of the dying coral.
The role of scientists and engineers was emphasized in the documentary, see figure 5. They provide rigorous scientific evidence to support the facts and help explain the complex ecological processes in an acceptable way by the public. The participation of these people helps publics understand this documentary better.
Engineers also solve some technical problems, for example, setting a camera in the sea water to help shooting of this documentary.
For this kind of documentary, the target group is not only students but all of society. As one type of commercial movie, it has been shown in the cinemas. Even in some undeveloped regions, open-air cinemas of low cost could be applied to play documentaries to realize this kind of public education. Combined with commercial activities, the film could be advertised widely to the public. Therefore, documentary could reach a large variety of people. Promoting sustainable development widely is exactly desired by ESD. Everyone could contribute to the sustainability of development, if they aware of the issues and motivated to be involved.
However, in a very long term, the youth are the people who can make a difference. They are motivated by the situation that should be changed and then build up their great ideals. They are receiving more advanced education for sustainable development. In the future, they are able to do some great work that makes great differences for sustainability. This is also emphasized in this documentary by the text as following.
Enlightened by this documentary and one example in the following discussion, some suggestions about how scientists, engineers and industry should be involved in ESD are proposed.
As mentioned in section 2.3, the scientists and engineers are involved in making this documentary. This is one example how they can promote ESD. Moreover, in this documentary, they brought their research results to the publics by speeches or other public activities. Especially after they retire from the academic or industrial positions, they have more time and could be involved in more educational public activities. The career of Dr. Jan Goodall is a very good example. After spending 38 years on researching on chimpanzees in the wildlife, she traveled around the world, calling on people to protect wild animals and the earth's environment [9].
Scientists and engineers are the people who work at the forefront of sustainable development. They understand clearly what terrible things are happening. Precious experience and knowledge are built up on their minds. They do have ability to make publics aware of the sustainable issues and encourage them to get involved in sustainable development.
Engineers from industry represent the industry. Industry should participate in some educational public activities as well, such as making this kind of documentary mentioned before. However, if some documentaries tell the false information because of interest, scientists and engineers should stand out to against them. Industry should input sustainable ideas into their products by producing sustainable products in a sustainable way and tell customers how their products are sustainable. With their product sold to publics, by advertising their sustainable producing processes, the sustainable ideas could be prompted.
Documentary can be integrated in ESD. Not only in the classroom teaching, but it also can be widely shown in cinemas. It can make people aware of this issue and give people internal motivation to get themselves involved in this global issue of sustainable development. The young generation should be the main targets of those educational documentaries and also ESD. Because they will be equipped by advanced education to make a difference in the future. Scientists, engineers and industry can participate in different public educational activities for sustainable development. Scientists and engineers can still make huge contributions after they retire by getting involved in more educational activities for sustainable development, if they are willing and energetic enough.
Reference
1. United Nations. “The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018.” (2018).
2. UNESCO. “Education for Sustainable Development Goals.” (2017).
3. Uspartnership.org., U.S. Partnership. URL: https://uspartnership.org/
4. Dieter Appelt., et al. “Global Development Education: A Cross-Curricular Framework in the Context of Education for Sustainable Development.” (2017).
5. Slavin, Robert E., and Nicola Davis. "Educational psychology: Theory and practice." (2006).
6. Deci, Edward L., et al. "Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective." Educational psychologist 26.3-4 (1991): 325-346.
7. Joshi, Ashvini. "Multimedia: A Technique in teaching process in the classrooms." Current world environment 7.1 (2012): 33-36.
8. Nichols, Bill. Introduction to documentary. Indiana University Press, 2017.
9. Peterson, Dale. Jane Goodall: The woman who redefined man. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014.
你见过白色的珊瑚吗？
n它们雪白无洁，但这并不代表着美好。
n海底一片白茫茫，这是珊瑚白化现象。
n它们雪白无洁，但这并不代表着美好。
n海底一片白茫茫，这是珊瑚白化现象。
这是比其他珊瑚礁面对的问题更致命。
n在八十年代我们开始观察这个奇怪的现象，大片的珊瑚礁白化，只发生在短短几周内，没有人知道原因。
n或许这部纪录片《追逐珊瑚》会带给你答案。
n带你打开一个新的世界。
n理查维尔斯原先是一位拥有10年经验的广告人才。
n16岁开始潜水，经常潜水去找最爱的生物——草海龙。
它是一种非常惊人的动物，长得像海马的，却是身长30公分的海龙。
n但很少人知道他们的存在。
n但是有一年它们全部消失了。
n“如果我最喜爱的生物消失了。”
n“那么还有那些生物也消失了？”
n他开始意识到海洋的最大问题就是大家看不见不了解，所以忽视了它。
n他认为人生有更值得的事情去做。n
辞去工作开始了保护珊瑚工作。
n理查维尔斯以谷歌绘制街道图的方法，记录海洋中的珊瑚礁。
n每三秒拍一张360度全景照片，这部纪录片记录下的是全球珊瑚礁的过程。
n记录下潜藏在世界各大洋表面下的壮观珊瑚园。n
这个加护称为XL卡特林海景调查，为了向全世界揭开海洋的面貌。
n当我们俯瞰地球它在已知的宇宙中是独一无二的，因为有生命之源——海洋。
n它掌握了一切，掌管了天气的变化，掌管了气候的变迁，也掌握了我们呼吸的含氧量。
n没有健康的海洋就没有健康的地球。
n人们会想象海底世界，会体验虚拟潜水，但它们不会了解其中存在的问题。
n从头开始的他们，旅程才真正开始。
n经过他的一些列研究与收集信息得知。
n在世界的另外一端我们已经失去了弗罗里达百分之80到90的珊瑚。n
全部都是死掉的糜角珊瑚，我们可以看到许多骨骼，但是已经没有任何生命。
n然而1971年这片珊瑚的模样，全然不同，充满生机。n
南太平洋，美属萨摩亚有一种很有名的珊瑚礁叫机场珊瑚礁。
n有一区的珊瑚礁已经完全白化。
n珊瑚礁是我们吃过许多海鲜生命的来源，是五亿多人的食物和收入来源。
n在世界上有许多珊瑚的狂热爱好者。n
珊瑚迷人的地方在于把我们都骗了。
n外表简单不代表内在简单。nn我们可以做很多事情，我们有左右手和拇指。
n但是珊瑚决定“别管外表的复杂程度”“我们走精致的沉默路线”
n珊瑚是由上千只珊瑚虫的小结构组成的，每一只珊瑚虫都是圆形的口，周围是触手，它们可以结合在一起。n
在一只动物身上，集聚几百万只。
n它们的组织里有小型植物，微型藻类，每平方公分有一百万个。
住在其体内的植物光合作用，珊瑚虫再从中获得养分。n
基本上就是体内有一座食物工厂，随着动物的长大，你会看到动物长出骨骼外，将骨骼存在下方。n
白天进行光合作用，傍晚动物体休眠，动物苏醒。n
扩展珊瑚虫，将触手伸出来，任何游过去的生物，都会别这些触手尖端的刺细胞捕捉。n
珊瑚有很多种，不同的珊瑚品种有不同的形状。
n有些看起来很无趣，就像是海底的一颗大石头。
n有些则是非常美丽，具有非常大的分支形态或者是大型盆状。
n有些则看起来像花瓣，这些都是珊瑚品种。
n许多有机体依赖它们而生，也因为它们，我们才有珊瑚礁。
n形成巨大的结构，就连从太空都能看见。n
但这样可爱神奇的生命体，已经遭遇打击。
n一片白茫茫的珊瑚，是它们裸露出来的尸骨。n
做了许多研究，发现这不是一种病，也不是光害。
n在实验中唯一能导致白化的是温度升高两摄氏度。
n2摄氏度真的有影响吗？
n你想象一下你的体温升高一摄氏度，或者两摄氏度，你会不会难受.
n甚至过一段时间之后就会有生命危险。
n这就是现在海洋面对的严重情况。
n珊瑚白化是一种压力反应，就像是人体发烧是压力反应。n
如果温度稍高于正常范围，珊瑚就会开始白化。
n体内的小型植物光合作用和提供动物养分的能力就会受到影响。
n然后动物就会发现到“我的体内植物没有发挥作用”它们失去了重要生物来源。
n它们开始饿肚子，珊瑚体就会开始变得清晰起来，你会看到下方的骨骼露出来。
n所以我们看到的珊瑚白化就是散布各处的骨骼。
n即使它们现在外表洁白，但它们任然活着。
n只是它们不让任何东西在上面生长。它们会渐渐的停止生长和繁殖。
n它们很有可能就这样死去。
n如果你看到毛茸茸的微型藻类，然后慢慢的整个珊瑚表面开始突然变得毛茸茸的。n
这就表示珊瑚已经死亡了。
n为了记录下珊瑚白化的过程，展现给人类。
n专业团队对于拍摄器材，延时装备进行严格挑选。
n要记录下完整连续的影像，必须连续潜水好几个月。
n这就代表着将遭受到强烈暴风雨和飓风袭击，承受海底的巨大压力。n
在一个不适合人类生存的地方，进行拍摄，相互之间不能沟通，只能用手语。
n因为外面有真空密封的玻璃圆球，它们无法改变摄影机的任何设定。n
在一次活动中他们被风打败，因为船锚无法固定，他们在海上漂流。
n设备进水，缆线损坏，烧断保险丝。n
在不断的努力下，终于将拍摄装备安置在水中。
n只需要时间的等待。
n迎来的结果确实让人感到失望的，所有照片都失焦了。
n除了第一张一外的照片都不能使用。
n于是它们出发到大堡礁，重新开始拍摄。
n比起夏威夷岛这次任务顺利了很多。延时摄影的摆放完成后，剩下的就是等待。
n但一次暴雨的来袭，使温度下降了3度，这意味着珊瑚不会白化。
n这是值得高兴的事情，但也意味着在一定的时间内拍摄失败。
n连着两次的失败，无疑是一个巨大的打击。n
但珊瑚白化的速度，没有时间让他们难过。
n为了不错过记录下大堡礁的白化，将延时摄影留在海底。
n他们前往下一个地点，开始手动拍摄。
n每人手拿着一个三脚架和一台摄影机。
n尽量拍摄各个位置，尽量多拍一点珊瑚，并且每天重复一样的方式。
n在一个地点拍摄两分钟，前往下一个地点，重复一样的步骤。
n一遍又一遍，基本上每天重复25遍。n
下水做机器做的事情，感觉很荒谬。
n执行起来是一场噩梦，架在正确的位置并且抵挡水流，人常常会弹起来。
n膝盖到处都在流血，省体被割伤，筋疲力尽。n
在团队拍摄大堡礁期间，珊瑚出现了神奇景象。
n“那是我看到最疯狂的东西。”
n“我不知道那是什么。”
n“当地人也不知道那是什么。”
n非常与众不同，珊瑚发出萤光。
它们产生化学遮光剂，保护自己受到高温伤害。
n这是大自然最美丽的转变，美到不可思议的死亡阶段。
n仿佛是珊瑚在说：“你看我，请注意到我！“
n这是大自然最稀奇的景象，但每个人都浑然不觉。n
他们利用卫星测量，珊瑚白化的海水表面温度。
n可以确定的是，海洋的温度确实升高了。nn海水的温度有固定的周期，如果温度维持不变，那些气温变化就会接近平均温度。n
但现在的状况是平均温度已经改变了，温度越来越高。
n第一次大规模的白化发生在1980年代初期。
n1997年到1998年是第一次全球珊瑚白化，许多珊瑚白化死亡。
n2010年，只过了12年，我们看到了第二次全球珊瑚白化。
n现在只过了五年，我们已经快看到第三次全球珊瑚白化了。
n基本上现在大约三分之二的夏威夷群岛都有一定程度的暖化，通常都有白化现象。nn地球上到处都有热浪来袭，到哪里就杀死当地的珊瑚。
n昨天才见过的东西，今天却死亡了，非常令人难受。n
接着你睁开双眼，看到眼前的珊瑚都死光了。
n珊瑚身体获得组织逐渐腐烂，非常令人作恶。n
如果没有珊瑚，海洋四分之一的生物会消失，小鱼会消失，大鱼会消失。
n珊瑚礁将无法继续生存和适应，我们会看到整个生态系统灭绝。
n就在我们这个时代，这是非常沉痛的声明。
n但不幸的是，却是真实情况。
n珊瑚白化现象非常多，这绝对不是自然的周期，这是气候变化直接造成的现象。
n是最近几年才见到的。
n回顾珊瑚历史的方法是拿珊瑚中心或者是切来珊瑚，我们可以看见珊瑚的年轮，就跟树干的年轮一样。n
我们可以看到成长的痕迹。
n这个珊瑚大约每年稳定生长1.5公分，知道199年开始出现白化的标志。n
借由回顾过去，一窥珊瑚的历史。nn我们非常确定现在看到的波动，并非自然现象。
n起因非常明确是因为二氧化碳排到大气层，导致全球气候变迁引起的。
n很多人并不明白气候变迁正在发生，因为大部分被室温气体困住的多余的热。都被海洋吸收了。n
就像是把多余的羊毛放进你的羊毛衣里。
n百分之93被困住的热气都进入了海洋里，那是很大的能量。
如果海洋没有吸收热能，地表的平均温度会是50摄氏度。
n“这种美丽的东西，已经存在很久了，在我们生命中，眼皮下受到了威胁。”
n珊瑚不应该替我们承担后果。
n改善人们的生活，创造工作机会，减少污染，绿化城市，基本上已经开始有了好的转变。
n对珊瑚礁来说或许还来得及。
n做我们力所能及的事情。n
“珊瑚发出荧光，它们产生化学遮光剂，保护自己免受高温伤害……这是大自然最美丽的转变，是美到不可思议的死亡阶段……仿佛是珊瑚在说，”看着我，拜托注意我……”
看到这儿，眼泪怎么也止不住。大片大片色彩斑斓绚丽的珊瑚在白化前绽放出异样的光彩，似乎要努力把最美的样子留下，然后再死去……这样悲壮的时刻在今晚彻底撼动了我的心灵。
片子从一开始就很吸引人的注意，一个风趣开朗的珊瑚学家兴致勃勃地向镜头介绍什么是珊瑚和珊瑚虫，配以大量绝美的珊瑚礁照片（btw似乎竟然治好了我的密集恐惧症），我认认真真记了好多笔记。“别管外表的复杂程度，我们走精致沉默的路线。”——喂，明明你们外表也很光彩夺目好不好！
渐渐了解到，珊瑚礁就像一个复杂的多样性的城市生命体，它在自给自足（体内的植物光合作用使其拥有自己的“食品加工厂）的同时大方地接纳了那么多形态种类各异的生命跻身于其中，一片繁荣，多么美好的大家庭啊！并且，它的重要性足以成为整个海洋乃至地球生态系统的基础，动物繁殖，人类食物来源，甚至影响到人类的文化生活经济方式，药物，防波堤……海洋没了珊瑚，就像陆地失去了森林。
扎克小哥刚现身的时候，只是一个看起来有点呆萌的设备技术员，没想到他才是全片的灵魂人物……他向镜头展示了自己家的水族箱，全是珊瑚，甚至没有鱼类……原来他是一个狂热的珊瑚迷（coral nerd）。他介绍了各种各样的珊瑚种类，他说，只要环境控制好，珊瑚没有寿命，可以一直存活在去……他痴迷认真的讲述珊瑚的样子，还有为了不让数据线断掉一个翻身扎进海里徒留一顶草帽挂在船边的样子……真是又可爱又酷毙了。
随着篇幅的展开，扎克的团队开始研究在海底架设延时摄影机，以期拍下珊瑚最大的生存危机——白化的过程。调子开始沉重起来，设备进水，镜头失焦导致两个月白拍，亲眼看着珊瑚群在身边死去，扎克手里捧着覆满海藻灰的珊瑚尸体，“这是我最艰难的潜水体验”——扎克在海底的笔记本无声抗议着。会议上，扎克展示着他们千辛万苦手持延迟摄影拍下的图片，上几张还是灵动绚烂的珊瑚礁，下几张就是一片死气沉沉的“坟墓”……所有人脸上的笑容随着珊瑚接二连三的白化逐渐隐去，震惊，焦灼，伤心刺痛混杂在心头，眼泪不停地掉，尽管隔着屏幕，也仿佛亲身见证了那一场又一场巨大的死亡……
珊瑚白化的原因，也是让我对气候变化有了更切身体会的关键。原来，当我们在燃烧化石燃料时，二氧化碳会上升至大气层，因二氧化碳有困住热气的特性，所以大气层的二氧化碳越多，地球上就有越多的热能，“就像把多余的羊毛塞进毛衣里”。然而，93%被困住的热气，都进入了海洋。如果海洋不吸收这些热能，地表的平均温度就会达到50度，但海洋吸收了大量的热能，自身的温度调节就会失衡，海洋升高2度，珊瑚就会因无法适应高温而白化，死亡……换而言之，这个地球上的生命起源于海洋，海洋为了守护自己的孩子们，发烧了……好心疼啊，终于意识到了为什么有那么多人呼吁重视全球变暖的问题，其实就是要拯救我们所有生命有机体的母亲啊。
好像努力做点什么啊！这个世界如此美丽，却在毁灭的道路上越走越快，我们再不做点什么，真的来不及了……人类在智力上进化更快，就更应该有责任去守护我们的星球才对，能力越大，责任越大，而不是反其道而行，用无知的傲慢亲手毁掉自己的家园。
最后记两段泪目的话。
“我们需要森林吗？我们需要树木吗？我们需要珊瑚礁吗？还是说我们可以住在一片灰烬中？”
“我很庆幸自己已经不是你这个年纪了。当我看到大堡礁被破坏的时候，我做好了心理准备。它是我生命中…物质世界里最爱的东西。我潜水潜了45年，我绝对不会在年迈以前停止做这件事（豪爽地笑声），我会一直做下去。只要我还能影响人们，我就会去做。因为我们必须做，我们别无选择。你必须继续坚持，不然等你老了你不会喜欢自己。你会更喜欢自己，如果你可以说“我已试图扭转局势”，“也许我真的影响了人们”……别让任何事阻挡你。”——已经变老的查理·维隆，对沮丧的扎克如是说。那一刻，我想起了《海豚湾》里，把显示屏挂在脖子上冲进会场，站在街头迎接人流的理查德·奥巴瑞。
心怀大爱的人，永远纯真，永远充满勇气。
佛罗里达的珊瑚已经死了一半了，很难找到麋角珊瑚。主角从事广告业十年，然后进入海洋生物学，追逐一种五彩斑斓的海龙。盖茨女士解释，珊瑚就是由数千个珊瑚虫组接在一起的生物。在萨摩亚的机场珊瑚礁，有大量白化了。既不是光害，也不是污染导致的，而是海温度上升2℃就会这样。白化以后就会变成毛茸茸的，那就开始死亡了。他找到冰川的消失的导演，说，如果记录到珊瑚的死亡过程，就能让大众警醒，但是他们需要做一个带有雨刷器的摄影机，做延时摄影。技术人员是个珊瑚迷，他说和水母一样，珊瑚几乎是永生的。1998年是第一次全球性的珊瑚白化，2010年就遭遇了第二次，现在只过了五年又一次。乔安娜博士说，早上和下午是珊瑚礁的交通时间，鱼儿晚上就待在珊瑚礁里，然后会一起游出去进食，所以那是繁忙的地方。当太阳升起，它们和鸟儿一样会有早晨合唱的声音。你仔细听，会听到呜呜的声音，会听到不同动物的呼噜声和哼哼的声音，完全不是寂静的世界，其实非常嘈杂。有非常奇怪的伙伴关系，热带海曼会跟石斑鱼一起打猎，并分享食物。鹦哥鱼专门吃珊瑚，然后拉出沙子，所以我们走过珊瑚基本上都是走过它的粪便。25%的生物都依赖珊瑚礁，有5到10亿人都仰赖珊瑚礁，当作主要食物来源。没有这些蛋白质，他们会缺乏营养，他们的文化生活方式，都仰赖于健康的珊瑚礁。很多药物来自于海洋，比如说前列腺素就来自于海扇，可以抗癌，苔藓虫素也是，来自珊瑚根茎。他们是最佳的防波堤，因为他们时刻都在自我生长和重建。
第一次回收上来的摄影机，都失焦了，画面不能用。飞机去大堡礁。很多芙蓉博士的科教片。温室气体导致地球散热性差，而93%的热量都去了海洋，否则地球温度将达到50℃，人类没办法居住。他们决定在卡佩尔岛等五六十个点，用手动每天来进行延时摄影，这是一个非常艰苦的工作。他们发现，珊瑚开始是释出遮光剂来保护自己受到高温伤害，产生出荧光。拜访珊瑚大师芙蓉，老年的他已经很淡定了。在国际会议上放出的最后的延时录像，就是全片的顶峰。2006年，大堡礁的珊瑚就死了29%。召唤全世界的潜水员进行记录，结果真是惨不忍睹。最后非要来一个恶俗的乐观主义。